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ALEX
- "One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way." — Frank Smith
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1/ Graph Writing - Bar Graph + Table:
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graphs below show the global robotics market during 2000 and 2025 based on sectors.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graphs below show the global robotics market during 2000 and 2025 based on sectors.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
- Size of the global robotics market 2000-2025 (billions of dollars)
- Size of the global robotics market by sector 2000-2025 (billions of dollars
- Size of the global robotics market 2000-2025 (billions of dollars)
- Size of the global robotics market by sector 2000-2025 (billions of dollars
Sample Answer:
The diagrams present data on the global robotics market in billion dollars from 2000 to 2025. Overall, the robotics market saw dramatic progress during this period, and the industrial use sector was dominant.
According to the bar chart, the worldwide robotics business in 2000 was less than 10 billion dollars, and over the next decade, it almost tripled. Also, the global outreach of robots climbed over 40 billion in 2020. Finally, in 2025, it jumped to approximately 70 billion.
Interestingly, as the table data suggest, personal use of robotics was negligible in 2000, but it reached 4 billion in 2015. It is forecast that personal use of robotics technology will rise to 9 billion dollars in 2025. Commercial use is also expected to expand to 16 billion dollars in 2025, at which point industrial use of robotics would be the highest, 26 billion dollars to be exact. Finally, the military use of this technology was 2 billion dollars in 2000, and it is projected to be 15 billion dollars in 2025.
Недостатки этой работы:
The diagrams present data on the global robotics market in billion dollars from 2000 to 2025. Overall, the robotics market saw dramatic progress during this period, and the industrial use sector was dominant.
According to the bar chart, the worldwide robotics business in 2000 was less than 10 billion dollars, and over the next decade, it almost tripled. Also, the global outreach of robots climbed over 40 billion in 2020. Finally, in 2025, it jumped to approximately 70 billion.
Interestingly, as the table data suggest, personal use of robotics was negligible in 2000, but it reached 4 billion in 2015. It is forecast that personal use of robotics technology will rise to 9 billion dollars in 2025. Commercial use is also expected to expand to 16 billion dollars in 2025, at which point industrial use of robotics would be the highest, 26 billion dollars to be exact. Finally, the military use of this technology was 2 billion dollars in 2000, and it is projected to be 15 billion dollars in 2025.
Недостатки этой работы:
- Нет сравнений
- Нет корреляции между схемой и таблицей.
- Нет объединения данных.
- Финал нечеткий. Там данные.
Improved Version (Band 8–9)
The diagrams present data on the global robotics market in billions of dollars from 2000 to 2025, including actual figures up to 2020 and for 2025.
Overall, the robotics market experienced dramatic growth throughout the period, with the industrial sector consistently dominating the market. Personal and military use, while starting from a very low base, is expected to increase substantially.
Looking at the bar chart, the global robotics market stood at less than 10 billion dollars in 2000. Over the following decade, this figure almost tripled. By 2020, the market had climbed to over 40 billion dollars, and it jumped to approximately 70 billion dollars in 2025.
The table provides a more detailed breakdown by sector. In 2000, personal use of robotics was negligible at only 1 billion dollars, while commercial and military use stood at 5 and 2 billion dollars, respectively. Industrial use was by far the largest, at 8 billion.
By 2025, major shifts had happened. Industrial use remained the highest, reaching 26 billion dollars. Commercial use expanded significantly to 16 billion. Military use showed the most dramatic relative increase, from just 2 billion dollars in 2000 to a projected 15 billion dollars in 2025 – a more than sevenfold rise. Personal use, despite growing to 9 billion dollars, remained the smallest sector.
What Was Wrong?
The diagrams present data on the global robotics market in billions of dollars from 2000 to 2025, including actual figures up to 2020 and for 2025.
Overall, the robotics market experienced dramatic growth throughout the period, with the industrial sector consistently dominating the market. Personal and military use, while starting from a very low base, is expected to increase substantially.
Looking at the bar chart, the global robotics market stood at less than 10 billion dollars in 2000. Over the following decade, this figure almost tripled. By 2020, the market had climbed to over 40 billion dollars, and it jumped to approximately 70 billion dollars in 2025.
The table provides a more detailed breakdown by sector. In 2000, personal use of robotics was negligible at only 1 billion dollars, while commercial and military use stood at 5 and 2 billion dollars, respectively. Industrial use was by far the largest, at 8 billion.
By 2025, major shifts had happened. Industrial use remained the highest, reaching 26 billion dollars. Commercial use expanded significantly to 16 billion. Military use showed the most dramatic relative increase, from just 2 billion dollars in 2000 to a projected 15 billion dollars in 2025 – a more than sevenfold rise. Personal use, despite growing to 9 billion dollars, remained the smallest sector.
What Was Wrong?
Problem | Original version | Improved version | Why it matters |
No clear separation of bar chart vs table | Mixed together confusingly | Bar chart described first, then table separately | Task 1 requires clear organisation by visual source |
Missing data | negligible in 2000 (no number) | negligible at only 1 billion dollars | You must give specific data from the table |
Incorrect tense for past dates | it climbed... it jumped (simple past only) | had climbed (past perfect for earlier past) | Mix of past (2000, 2015, 2020) and future (2025) needs precise tense use |
Vague language | the global outreach of robots | the global robotics market | Outreach is incorrect here – use market or revenue |
Incorrect word order | in billion dollars | in billion dollars (kept, but better: in billions of dollars) | Small preposition/number agreement issue |
No comparison language | Listed numbers without linking | while..., by far the largest, more than sevenfold rise | IELTS rewards comparisons, not just listing |
Repetitive sentence starts | It is forecast that... It is projected that... | By 2025, major shifts are forecast. X will remain... Y is expected... | Vary your structures |
Weak overview | industrial sector was dominant (too short) | industrial sector consistently dominating + personal/military expected to increase |
Article: The Algorithmic Campus
The ivory towers of academia are undergoing a digital renovation. For decades, the "lecture-and-exam" model remained the undisputed standard of higher education. However, the convergence of demographic shifts and rapid technological advancement is forcing institutions to pivot toward a more flexible, hybrid future.
Central to this transformation is the integration of Artificial Intelligence. Adaptive learning platforms now allow universities to provide personalized curricula. Instead of a one-size-fits-all lecture, AI analyzes a student’s progress and tailors resources to bridge specific knowledge gaps. This "hyper-personalization" aims to reduce dropout rates, which have historically plagued large-scale introductory courses.
Furthermore, the economic viability of the traditional model is under scrutiny. With tuition fees soaring, many students are opting for "micro-credentials"—short, intensive courses focused on specific technical skills like data science or digital marketing. These digital badges are increasingly recognized by industry leaders, challenging the monopoly that universities once held over the labor market.
However, critics argue that this vocational shift overlooks the intrinsic value of higher education. They contend that a university’s primary purpose is to foster critical thinking and civic engagement, traits that cannot be easily distilled into a six-week coding bootcamp. As we look toward 2030, the most successful institutions will likely be those that blend the rigors of classical inquiry with the agility of digital delivery. The future is not a choice between a screen and a classroom, but a strategic fusion of both.
Exercise 1: True / False / Not Given
Match the following words from the article:
B. Critical observation or examination.
C. To change direction or strategy fundamentally.
Exercise 3: Short-answer questions
Topic: Some people believe that traditional universities will no longer be necessary in the future because all knowledge can be accessed online. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
uence of the various components of a book into a coherent whole. In the words of Jan Tschichold, "Methods and rules that cannot be improved upon have been developed over centuries. To produce perfect books, these rules must be revived and applied." The front matter, or preliminaries, is the first section of a book and typically has the fewest pages. While all pages are counted, page numbers are generally not printed, whether the pages are blank or contain content.
The ivory towers of academia are undergoing a digital renovation. For decades, the "lecture-and-exam" model remained the undisputed standard of higher education. However, the convergence of demographic shifts and rapid technological advancement is forcing institutions to pivot toward a more flexible, hybrid future.
Central to this transformation is the integration of Artificial Intelligence. Adaptive learning platforms now allow universities to provide personalized curricula. Instead of a one-size-fits-all lecture, AI analyzes a student’s progress and tailors resources to bridge specific knowledge gaps. This "hyper-personalization" aims to reduce dropout rates, which have historically plagued large-scale introductory courses.
Furthermore, the economic viability of the traditional model is under scrutiny. With tuition fees soaring, many students are opting for "micro-credentials"—short, intensive courses focused on specific technical skills like data science or digital marketing. These digital badges are increasingly recognized by industry leaders, challenging the monopoly that universities once held over the labor market.
However, critics argue that this vocational shift overlooks the intrinsic value of higher education. They contend that a university’s primary purpose is to foster critical thinking and civic engagement, traits that cannot be easily distilled into a six-week coding bootcamp. As we look toward 2030, the most successful institutions will likely be those that blend the rigors of classical inquiry with the agility of digital delivery. The future is not a choice between a screen and a classroom, but a strategic fusion of both.
Exercise 1: True / False / Not Given
- AI is being used to create customized learning paths for individual students.
- Micro-credentials are now more widely accepted by employers than traditional degrees.
- Critics believe that short-term courses may fail to develop a student's ability to think critically.
Match the following words from the article:
- Pivot (v.)
- Viability (n.)
- Scrutiny (n.)
B. Critical observation or examination.
C. To change direction or strategy fundamentally.
Exercise 3: Short-answer questions
- What specific issue in large introductory courses does "hyper-personalization" aim to solve?
- According to the text, what two factors are driving the current changes in higher education?
Topic: Some people believe that traditional universities will no longer be necessary in the future because all knowledge can be accessed online. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
uence of the various components of a book into a coherent whole. In the words of Jan Tschichold, "Methods and rules that cannot be improved upon have been developed over centuries. To produce perfect books, these rules must be revived and applied." The front matter, or preliminaries, is the first section of a book and typically has the fewest pages. While all pages are counted, page numbers are generally not printed, whether the pages are blank or contain content.
If a building becomes architecture, then it is art
Sample Essay:
The digital revolution has democratized access to information, leading some to claim that traditional universities are becoming obsolete. While online platforms provide unparalleled access to data, I disagree that they can entirely replace the multifaceted role of a university.
The primary argument for the decline of universities is the sheer availability of high-quality educational content online. From open-source lectures to specialized certifications, a motivated learner can acquire technical proficiency in almost any field without stepping foot on a campus. This model is undeniably more cost-effective and flexible, allowing individuals to bypass the high tuition fees and rigid schedules associated with traditional degrees. Consequently, for purely vocational training, the digital route is often superior.
However, a university education encompasses far more than the simple transfer of information. The physical campus serves as a crucible for intellectual debate, networking, and social development. Interacting with peers and mentors in a structured environment fosters "soft skills" such as collaboration, leadership, and emotional intelligence—attributes that are difficult to cultivate through a screen. Furthermore, the credibility of a degree provides a standardized signal of discipline and rigorous assessment to employers, which unverified online learning often lacks.
In conclusion, while the internet has disrupted the monopoly universities once held over knowledge, it cannot replicate the holistic development and social capital provided by physical institutions. The future likely holds a hybrid model where the convenience of online learning complements, rather than replaces, the traditional university experience.
The digital revolution has democratized access to information, leading some to claim that traditional universities are becoming obsolete. While online platforms provide unparalleled access to data, I disagree that they can entirely replace the multifaceted role of a university.
The primary argument for the decline of universities is the sheer availability of high-quality educational content online. From open-source lectures to specialized certifications, a motivated learner can acquire technical proficiency in almost any field without stepping foot on a campus. This model is undeniably more cost-effective and flexible, allowing individuals to bypass the high tuition fees and rigid schedules associated with traditional degrees. Consequently, for purely vocational training, the digital route is often superior.
However, a university education encompasses far more than the simple transfer of information. The physical campus serves as a crucible for intellectual debate, networking, and social development. Interacting with peers and mentors in a structured environment fosters "soft skills" such as collaboration, leadership, and emotional intelligence—attributes that are difficult to cultivate through a screen. Furthermore, the credibility of a degree provides a standardized signal of discipline and rigorous assessment to employers, which unverified online learning often lacks.
In conclusion, while the internet has disrupted the monopoly universities once held over knowledge, it cannot replicate the holistic development and social capital provided by physical institutions. The future likely holds a hybrid model where the convenience of online learning complements, rather than replaces, the traditional university experience.
IELTS Reading Section
Time: 20 minutes
Read the following passage.
The Rise of China's Humanoid Robots: From Stage to Stadium
A In recent months, China has demonstrated remarkable progress in humanoid robotics through two very different public spectacles. The first, a traditional cultural performance, saw robots executing martial arts moves and choreographed dance alongside human performers during the annual Spring Festival Gala, the country’s most-watched television broadcast. The second, a highly unconventional sporting event, involved over 100 humanoids competing against 12,000 human runners in a half-marathon in Beijing, where the winning machine finished more than 6 minutes faster than the current human world record.
B The dancing robots, developed by several Chinese firms, performed intricate stunts including kung fu sequences, comedy sketches, and synchronised dance routines. Clips circulated online drew immediate comparisons with the previous year's gala, which had featured noticeably simpler movements such as walking, twisting, and kicking. According to robotics expert Georg Stieler, the key signal of progress was not just individual agility but "the ability to run large numbers of near-identical humanoids in synchronised motion with stable gaits and consistent joint behaviour."
C Meanwhile, the half-marathon in Beijing's E-Town showcased a different kind of advancement. The winning robot, Lightning—made by Honor, a Huawei spin-off—completed the 21.1km race in 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This performance marked a dramatic improvement from the inaugural robot race the previous year, when the winning humanoid finished in over two hours and forty minutes, and most robots failed to complete the distance. This year, nearly half of the participating humanoids navigated the race autonomously, without remote control, and several were faster than professional human athletes.
D Engineers from the winning team revealed that Lightning had been in development for just one year. It was fitted with legs measuring 90 to 95 centimetres long to mimic elite human runners, and incorporated liquid cooling technology adapted from smartphone manufacturing. Du Xiaodi, an engineer on the team, explained that while running faster may not seem meaningful at first, it enables technology transfer into areas such as structural reliability and cooling, which eventually benefit industrial applications.
E Experts, however, caution against overinterpreting these public displays. Georg Stieler notes that stage performance does not equate to industrial robustness. The dance routines, he explains, involve very little environmental perception and are essentially imitation learning plus a balance-keeping controller, trained hundreds or thousands of times for a fixed routine. This has little bearing on reliability in unstructured environments—a prerequisite for factory deployment. Kyle Chan of the Brookings Institution suggests that Beijing uses these performances strategically to "dazzle domestic and international audiences with China's technological prowess," particularly as humanoid robots are a highly visible area where China can claim to be ahead of the United States in scaling up production.
F Nevertheless, the pace of change is undeniable. By the end of 2024, China had registered over 450,000 smart robotics companies, with total capital approaching one trillion dollars. Morgan Stanley projects that China's humanoid sales will more than double to 28,000 units in 2026. Elon Musk has stated that he expects his biggest competitors to be Chinese companies as he pivots Tesla toward embodied AI. For spectators at the Beijing race, the impression was clear. One attendee who watched both the 2025 and 2026 races remarked, "It's the first time robots have surpassed humans, and that's something I never imagined."
Questions 1–5 (True/False/Not Given)
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Time: 40 minutes
Write about the following topic:
Some people believe that the rapid advances in humanoid robotics, as demonstrated by Chinese robots dancing, running marathons, and outperforming humans, are a positive development that will lead to greater efficiency and industrial progress. Others argue that such developments are unsettling and may lead to negative consequences for human society.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Time: 20 minutes
Read the following passage.
The Rise of China's Humanoid Robots: From Stage to Stadium
A In recent months, China has demonstrated remarkable progress in humanoid robotics through two very different public spectacles. The first, a traditional cultural performance, saw robots executing martial arts moves and choreographed dance alongside human performers during the annual Spring Festival Gala, the country’s most-watched television broadcast. The second, a highly unconventional sporting event, involved over 100 humanoids competing against 12,000 human runners in a half-marathon in Beijing, where the winning machine finished more than 6 minutes faster than the current human world record.
B The dancing robots, developed by several Chinese firms, performed intricate stunts including kung fu sequences, comedy sketches, and synchronised dance routines. Clips circulated online drew immediate comparisons with the previous year's gala, which had featured noticeably simpler movements such as walking, twisting, and kicking. According to robotics expert Georg Stieler, the key signal of progress was not just individual agility but "the ability to run large numbers of near-identical humanoids in synchronised motion with stable gaits and consistent joint behaviour."
C Meanwhile, the half-marathon in Beijing's E-Town showcased a different kind of advancement. The winning robot, Lightning—made by Honor, a Huawei spin-off—completed the 21.1km race in 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This performance marked a dramatic improvement from the inaugural robot race the previous year, when the winning humanoid finished in over two hours and forty minutes, and most robots failed to complete the distance. This year, nearly half of the participating humanoids navigated the race autonomously, without remote control, and several were faster than professional human athletes.
D Engineers from the winning team revealed that Lightning had been in development for just one year. It was fitted with legs measuring 90 to 95 centimetres long to mimic elite human runners, and incorporated liquid cooling technology adapted from smartphone manufacturing. Du Xiaodi, an engineer on the team, explained that while running faster may not seem meaningful at first, it enables technology transfer into areas such as structural reliability and cooling, which eventually benefit industrial applications.
E Experts, however, caution against overinterpreting these public displays. Georg Stieler notes that stage performance does not equate to industrial robustness. The dance routines, he explains, involve very little environmental perception and are essentially imitation learning plus a balance-keeping controller, trained hundreds or thousands of times for a fixed routine. This has little bearing on reliability in unstructured environments—a prerequisite for factory deployment. Kyle Chan of the Brookings Institution suggests that Beijing uses these performances strategically to "dazzle domestic and international audiences with China's technological prowess," particularly as humanoid robots are a highly visible area where China can claim to be ahead of the United States in scaling up production.
F Nevertheless, the pace of change is undeniable. By the end of 2024, China had registered over 450,000 smart robotics companies, with total capital approaching one trillion dollars. Morgan Stanley projects that China's humanoid sales will more than double to 28,000 units in 2026. Elon Musk has stated that he expects his biggest competitors to be Chinese companies as he pivots Tesla toward embodied AI. For spectators at the Beijing race, the impression was clear. One attendee who watched both the 2025 and 2026 races remarked, "It's the first time robots have surpassed humans, and that's something I never imagined."
Questions 1–5 (True/False/Not Given)
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
- The dancing robots at the Spring Festival Gala performed entirely without human performers on stage.
- The winning robot in the 2026 Beijing half-marathon completed the race in less than 55 minutes.
- All the robots that finished the half-marathon were controlled remotely for the entire race.
- According to Georg Stieler, the dance routines demonstrate high levels of environmental perception.
- Elon Musk has publicly stated that Chinese robotics companies will be Tesla's main competition in embodied AI.
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
- What technology, originally developed for smartphones, was adapted for use in the winning marathon robot?
- In which month of 2026 did the robot half-marathon take place?
- What specific aspect of the 2025 gala robots was noticeably simpler than the 2026 models, according to the passage?
- What does the passage state as a prerequisite for factory-grade deployment of robots?
- Which company, described as a Huawei spin-off, manufactured the robots that took the three podium positions?
Time: 40 minutes
Write about the following topic:
Some people believe that the rapid advances in humanoid robotics, as demonstrated by Chinese robots dancing, running marathons, and outperforming humans, are a positive development that will lead to greater efficiency and industrial progress. Others argue that such developments are unsettling and may lead to negative consequences for human society.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
